Um ótimo programa para se extrair informações sobre um arquivo de vídeo é o mediainfo. Em Debian ou derivados, instale-o com:

sudo apt install mediainfo

Sua sintaxe de uso é bem simples:

mediainfo vaca.mp4

General
Complete name                            : vaca.mp4
Format                                   : MPEG-4
Format profile                           : Base Media
Codec ID                                 : isom (isom/iso2/avc1/mp41)
File size                                : 30.7 MiB
Duration                                 : 41 s 0 ms
Overall bit rate mode                    : Variable
Overall bit rate                         : 6 281 kb/s
Encoded date                             : UTC 1904-01-01 00:00:00
Tagged date                              : UTC 1904-01-01 00:00:00
Writing application                      : Lavf57.71.100

Video
ID                                       : 1
Format                                   : AVC
Format/Info                              : Advanced Video Codec
Format profile                           : High@L3.1
Format settings, CABAC                   : No
Format settings, ReFrames                : 4 frames
Format settings, GOP                     : M=4, N=12
Codec ID                                 : avc1
Codec ID/Info                            : Advanced Video Coding
Duration                                 : 41 s 0 ms
Bit rate                                 : 6 000 kb/s
Width                                    : 1 280 pixels
Height                                   : 720 pixels
Display aspect ratio                     : 16:9
Frame rate mode                          : Constant
Frame rate                               : 30.000 FPS
Color space                              : YUV
Chroma subsampling                       : 4:2:0
Bit depth                                : 8 bits
Scan type                                : Progressive
Bits/(Pixel*Frame)                       : 0.217
Stream size                              : 29.3 MiB (95%)
Writing library                          : x264 core 150
Encoding settings                        : cabac=0 / ref=2 ...
Encoded date                             : UTC 1904-01-01 00:00:00
Tagged date                              : UTC 1904-01-01 00:00:00

Audio
ID                                       : 2
Format                                   : AAC
Format/Info                              : Advanced Audio Codec
Format profile                           : LC
Codec ID                                 : 40
Duration                                 : 40 s 960 ms
Bit rate mode                            : Variable
Bit rate                                 : 282 kb/s
Maximum bit rate                         : 384 kb/s
Channel(s)                               : 2 channels
Channel positions                        : Front: L R
Sampling rate                            : 44.1 kHz
Frame rate                               : 43.066 FPS (1024 spf)
Compression mode                         : Lossy
Stream size                              : 1.37 MiB (4%)
Default                                  : Yes
Alternate group                          : 1
Encoded date                             : UTC 1904-01-01 00:00:00
Tagged date                              : UTC 1904-01-01 00:00:00

Se quiser uma saída ainda mais detalhada:

mediainfo --fullscan vaca.mp4

Para maiores detalhes:

man mediainfo

E se você não gosta do terminal (hein!?), instale a GUI do programa:

sudo apt install mediainfo-gui

É isso!